作为经常更新Ubuntu系统，重装系统的人，记录下安装和使用的基本流程，方便下次的重新开始。

After Install

安装使用Ubuntu18.04.3版本制作的U盘启动盘，最小化安装。安装后首先更换源，然后更新：

/etc/apt/sources.list中的网址修改为http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt autoremove

1. Ubuntu -> Gnome

sudo apt remove ubuntu-session
# ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-session

sudo apt autoremove
# fonts-liberation2 fonts-opensymbol gir1.2-geocodeglib-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0 gir1.2-udisks-2.0 gnome-themes-extra gnome-themes-extra-data grilo-plugins-0.3-base gstreamer1.0-gtk3 gtk2-engines-pixbuf libboost-date-time1.65.1 libboost-filesystem1.65.1 libboost-iostreams1.65.1 libboost-locale1.65.1 libcdr-0.1-1 libclucene-contribs1v5 libclucene-core1v5 libcmis-0.5-5v5 libcolamd2 libdazzle-1.0-0 libe-book-0.1-1 libedataserverui-1.2-2 libeot0 libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1 libevent-2.1-6 libexiv2-14 libfreerdp-client2-2 libfreerdp2-2 libgc1c2 libgee-0.8-2 libgexiv2-2 libgom-1.0-0 libgpgmepp6 libgpod-common  libgpod4 liblangtag-common liblangtag1 liblirc-client0 liblua5.3-0 libmediaart-2.0-0 libmspub-0.1-1 libodfgen-0.1-1 libqqwing2v5 libraw16 librevenge-0.0-0 libsgutils2-2 libssh-4 libsuitesparseconfig5 libvncclient1 libwinpr2-2 libxapian30 libxmYlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss lp-solve media-player-info python3-mako python3-markupsafe syslinux syslinux-common syslinux-legacy usb-creator-common xwayland

sudo apt install gnome-session
# adwaita-icon-theme-full fonts-cantarell gnome-session gnome-themes-extra gnome-themes-extra-data gtk2-engines-pixbuf xwayland

2. Remove no-use applications

sudo apt remove ubuntu-report ubuntu-settings ubuntu-advantage-tools
# ubuntu-advantage-tools ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-report ubuntu-settings

sudo apt remove ubuntu-artwork
# ubuntu-artwork

sudo apt autoremove
# adium-theme-ubuntu gtk2-engines-murrine light-themes

sudo apt remove ubuntu-docs
# gnome-getting-started-docs gnome-user-docs gnome-user-guide ubuntu-docs

sudo apt remove ubuntu-drivers-common
# apturl gnome-software gnome-software-plugin-snap nautilus-share software-properties-gtk ubuntu-drivers-common ubuntu-software

sudo apt autoremove
# apturl-common gir1.2-goa-1.0 gir1.2-snapd-1 gnome-software-common python3-dateutil python3-software-properties python3-xkit session-migration software-properties-common unattended-upgrades

sudo apt remove ubuntu-standard
sudo apt autoremove
# busybox-static command-not-found command-not-found-data dnsutils   friendly-recovery ftp hdparm info iputils-tracepath irqbalance libirs160 libnih1 libnuma1 lshw lsof ltrace mtr-tiny nano popularity-contest python3-commandnotfound python3-gdbm rsync strace tcpdump telnet time ufw ureadahead usbutils

# Acording to needed Install:
sudo apt install ftp lshw usbutils dnsutils libirs160

sudo apt remove ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
# ubuntu-release-upgrader-core ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk update-manager update-manager-core update-notifier update-notifier-common

sudo apt autoremove
# gir1.2-dbusmenu-glib-0.4 gir1.2-dee-1.0 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0 gir1.2-unity-5.0 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 python3-debconf python3-debians python3-distro-info python3-distupgrade python3-update-manager

sudo apt remove ubuntu-system-service
# ubuntu-system-service:amd64 (0.3.1)

sudo apt remove ubuntu-mono
sudo apt autoremove
# humanity-icon-theme

sudo apt remove gnome-menus
# gnome-menus:amd64 (3.13.3-11ubuntu1.1)

sudo apt remove gnome-shell-extension-appindicator
# gnome-shell-extension-appindicator:amd64 (18.04.1)

sudo apt remove gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock
# gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock:amd64 (0.9.1ubuntu18.04.3)

sudo apt remove snapd --purge

# sudo snap remove gtk-common-themes
# sudo snap remove gnome-system-monitor
# sudo snap remove gnome-logs
# sudo snap remove gnome-characters
# sudo snap remove gnome-calculator
# sudo snap remove gnome-3-28-1804
# sudo snap remove core28
# snapd:amd64 (2.40+18.04)

sudo apt remove ibus-table

3. Theme

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks
# gnome-tweaks:amd64 (3.28.1-1)

sudo apt install papirus-icon-theme
#  papirus-icon-theme:amd64 (20180401-1)

然后使用tweaks设置主题。

4. gnome-shell-extensions

sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell
# chrome-gnome-shell:amd64 (10-1) [firefox & Chrome]

然后安装浏览器的插件，即可通过浏览器管理。

安装的gnome-shell extensions:

对于其状态栏目的位置，可以通过修改其中的addToStatusArea的参数来修改。

5. 输入法

使用ibus-rime输入法。

sudo apt install ibus ibus-gtk2 ibus-gtk3
sudo apt install ibus-rime
#  ibus-rime:amd64 (1.2-1build2), libgoogle-glog0v5:amd64 (0.3.5-1, automatic), libmarisa0:amd64 (0.2.4-8build12, automatic), librime-data-luna-pinyin:amd64 (0.35-1, automatic), librime-data-cangjie5:amd64 (0.35-1, automatic), libopencc2:amd64 (1.0.4-5, automatic), libopencc2-data:amd64 (1.0.4-5, automatic), librime-bin:amd64 (1.2.9+dfsg2-1, automatic), libboost-regex1.65.1:amd64 (1.65.1+dfsg-0ubuntu5, automatic), librime1:amd64 (1.2.9+dfsg2-1, automatic), libleveldb1v5:amd64 (1.20-2, automatic), librime-data:amd64 (0.35-1, automatic), libboost-filesystem1.65.1:amd64 (1.65.1+dfsg-0ubuntu5, automatic), libyaml-cpp0.5v5:amd64 (0.5.2-4ubuntu1, automatic), libgflags2.2:amd64 (2.2.1-1, automatic)

sudo apt install ibus-qt4
# ibus-qt4 libaudio2 libibus-qt1 libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative libqt4-network libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtdbus4 libqtgui4 qdbus qt-at-spi qtcore4-l10n

可配之为小鹤双拼。

6. zsh

安装zsh包：

sudo apt install zsh
#  zsh:amd64 (5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1), zsh-common:amd64 (5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1, automatic)

配置oh-my-zsh.

使用File/Projects/oh-my-zsh作链接:(Set up fstab first)

cd ~
ln -s File/Projects/oh-my-zsh .oh-my-zsh
ln -s File/Projects/oh-my-zsh/myzsh/zshrc.sh .zshrc
ln -s File/Projects/oh-my-zsh/myzsh/myrc.sh .myrc.sh

7. Freedom -> v2ray

使用v2ray Freedom; 使用脚本安装。

wget https://install.direct/go.sh ../SoftwareI/Myshell/update-v2ray.sh
sudo ../SoftwareI/Myshell/update-v2ray.sh
sudo systemctl stop v2ray.service
sudo systemctl start v2ray.service
sudo mkdir /var/v2ray
sudo touch /var/v2ray/access.log

v2ray使用socks5代理: 127.0.0.1:1080

如果使用privoxy，可以编辑编辑脚本：.zshrc/.myrc.sh

export http_proxy='xxx'
export https_proxy='xxx'
export HTTP_PROXY='xxx'
export HTTPS_PROXY='xxx'

8. code

可以使用vim或者vs code.

vim可以直接使用apt安装：

sudo apt install vim
# vim-runtime

VS Code 可以在官网下载安装包：

VS Code

sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb
sudo apt install -f
# libxss1
sudo apt update

会将Code的安装源加入Ubuntu目录： /etc/apt/sources.list.d

9. git

sudo apt install git
# git git-man liberror-perl
cp File/Temp/.gitconfig ~/

10. geary [弃用]

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:geary-team/releases
sudo apt update
sudo apt install geary
# geary libgee-0.8-2 libgmime-2.6-0 libmessaging-menu0

可以使用gnome的gnome-account登录Outlook和Gmail.

11. Thunderbird

配合 birdtray 使用。

sudo apt install libx11-xcb-dev libgl-dev
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j4
mv birdtray /home/SoftwareI/bin
# birdtray autostart .desktop

Use Log

以上Install介绍了基本的需求，下面就是基本的使用。主要是应用的安装。

1. Install APPS

  1. google chrome 下载地址： google chrome

  2. aria2

    设置aria2的方式，将aria2.conf -> ~/.aria2/

    sudo apt install aria2
# aria2 libc-ares2
mv ~/File/Temp/.config/aria2.conf ~/.config/

  3. WPS-office

    从WPS下载最新的版本。

    sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb

    需要安装WPS Fonts来顺利使用，具体参见Fonts的安装。

  4. Qt

    在http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/下载.然后命令行下执行安装.

    将.myrc.sh中关于QT的环境变量配置上:

    export QTHOME=/home/SoftwareI/Qt
export QTDIR=$QTHOME/xxx/gcc_64
export QT_WEBKIT=true
export MYPATH=$MYPATH:$QTHOME/Tools/QtCreator/bin
export MYPATH=$MYPATH:$QTDIR/bin
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$QTDIR/lib/pkgconfig
export QT_PLUGIN_PATH=$QTDIR/plugins/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QT_PLUGIN_PATH/   platforms:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export QT_SELECT=xxx

    可以使用qtchooser:

    qtchooser -install NAMEQT /Path to Qt Installation Dir/Version/Platform/bin/qmake
# 2)Create symbol link: ln -s NAMEQT.conf default.conf
# Attention 1: NAMEQT.conf usually in :
#  $HOME/.config/qtchooser (NON Super User)
#  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt-default/qtchooser (Super    User)
# Attention 2: Some Qt-chooser Dir:
# [/usr/bin/qtchooser] [/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qtchooser] [/usr/share/qtchooser]

  5. megasync

    在官网下载安装，https://mega.nz/sync, 需要翻墙下载最新的版本.

    sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb
sudo apt install -f
# libcrypto++6 libdouble-conversion1 libmediainfo0v5    libmms0 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5 libqt5network5    libqt5svg5 libqt5widgets5 libraw16 libtinyxml2-6    libxcb-xinerama0 libzen0v5 qt5-gtk-platformtheme    qttranslations5-l10n

  6. transmission

    BT软件,可用来下载pt

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:transmissionbt/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install transmission
# libevent-2.1-6 libminiupnpc10 libnatpmp1 transmission       transmission-common transmission-gtk

  7. htop

    sudo apt install htop

  8. goldendict

    字典软件, 可本地字典和线上程序等.

    sudo apt install goldendict
# goldendict libeb16 libqt5help5 libqt5positioning5    libqt5printsupport5 libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5sensors5    libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5webchannel5    libqt5webkit5 libqt5x11extras5 libqt5xml5

    设置Google Translate. 参考GoogleTranslate

  9. vlc

    sudo apt install vlc
# libaribb24-0 libbasicusageenvironment1 libcddb2 libdc1394-22 libdca0 libdvbpsi10 libebml4v5 libfaad2 libgroupsock8 libkate1 liblirc-client0 liblivemedia62 liblua5.2-0 libmad0 libmatroska6v5 libmicrodns0 libmpcdec6 libnfs11 libopenmpt-modplug1 libplacebo4 libprotobuf-lite10 libproxy-tools libresid-builder0c2a libsdl-image1.2 libsdl1.2debian libsidplay2 libsndio6.1 libssh2-1 libupnp6 libusageenvironment3 libvlc-bin libvlc5 libvlccore9 libvulkan1 vlc vlc-bin vlc-data vlc-l10n vlc-plugin-base vlc-plugin-notify vlc-plugin-qt vlc-plugin-samba vlc-plugin-skins2 vlc-plugin-video-output vlc-plugin-video-splitter vlc-plugin-visualization

  10. teamviewer

    Teamviewer Download : Teamviewer

    sudo dpkg -i xx.deb
# qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects qml-module-qtquick-controls qml-module-qtquick-dialogs qml-module-qtquick-layouts qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets qml-module-qtquick-window2 qml-module-qtquick2

  11. lsb

    Required by Synopsys SCL

    sudo apt install lsb
# alien at autoconf automake autopoint autotools-dev build-essential debhelper debugedit dh-autoreconf dh-strip-nondeterminism   dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-7 gcc gcc-7 guile-2.0-libs libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl  libarchive-cpio-perl libasan4 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcilkrts5 libfakeroot libfile-stripnondeterminism-perl libgc1c2 libgcc-7-dev libgsasl7 libitm1 libjpeg62 libkyotocabinet16v5 liblsan0 libltdl-dev liblua5.2-0 libmail-sendmail-perl libmailutils5 libmpx2 libmysqlclient20 libntlm0 libquadmath0 librpm8 librpmbuild8 librpmio8 librpmsign8 libsigsegv2 libstdc++-7-dev libsys-hostname-long-perl libtool libtsan0 libubsan0 linux-libc-dev lsb lsb-core lsb-invalid-mta lsb-printing lsb-security m4 mailutils mailutils-common make manpages-dev mysql-common ncurses-term pax po-debconf rpm rpm-common rpm2cpio rsync time

  12. fastboot

    For android

    sudo apt install fastboot
# adb android-libadb android-libbacktrace android-libbase  android-libboringssl android-libcrypto-utils android-libcutils android-libetc1 android-libf2fs-utils android-liblog android-libsparse android-libunwind android-libutils android-libziparchive android-sdk-platform-tools android-sdk-platform-tools-common dmtracedump etc1tool f2fs-tools fastboot graphviz hprof-conv libann0 libcdt5 libcgraph6 libf2fs-format4 libf2fs5 libgts-0.7-5 libgts-bin libgvc6 libgvpr2 liblab-gamut1 libpathplan4 p7zip p7zip-full sqlite3

  13. gimp

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install gimp
# gimp gimp-data libamd2 libbabl-0.1-0 libblas3 libcamd2 libccolamd2 libcholmod3 libcolamd2 libde265-0 libexiv2-14 libgegl-0.4-0 libgegl-common  libgexiv2-2 libgfortran4 libgimp2.0 libheif1 liblapack3 libmetis5 libmng2 libmypaint-1.3-0 libmypaint-common libsuitesparseconfig5 libumfpack5

  14. Krita [Give up]

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kritalime/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install krita
# krita krita-data kwayland-data kwayland-integration libfam0 libgif7 libgsl23  libgslcblas0 libkf5archive5 libkf5completion-data libkf5completion5 libkf5config-bin libkf5config-data libkf5configcore5 libkf5configgui5  libkf5coreaddons-data libkf5coreaddons5 libkf5crash5 libkf5guiaddons5 libkf5i18n-data libkf5i18n5 libkf5idletime5 libkf5itemviews-data libkf5itemviews5 libkf5waylandclient5 libkf5widgetsaddons-data libkf5widgetsaddons5 libkf5windowsystem-data libkf5windowsystem5 libopencolorio1v5 libpoppler-qt5-1 libqt5concurrent5 libqt5designer5 libqt5multimedia5 libqt5quickwidgets5 libqt5script5 libqt5test5 libqt5waylandclient5 libqt5waylandcompositor5 libquazip5-1 libtinyxml2.6.2v5 python3-pyqt5 python3-sip qtwayland5
sudo apt install krita-nautilus-thumbnailer
# krita-nautilus-thumbnailer xcftools

  15. inkscape

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:inkscape.dev/trunk
sudo apt update
sudo apt install inkscape
# fonts-lato inkscape-trunk inkscape-trunk-data javascript-common libatkmm-1.6-1v5 libcairomm-1.0-1v5 libcdr-0.1-1 libgdl-3-5 libgdl-3-common libglibmm-2.4-1v5 libgtkmm-3.0-1v5 libgtkspell3-3-0 libimage-magick-perl libimage-magick-q16-perl libjs-jquery libmagick++-6.q16-7 libpangomm-1.4-1v5  libpotrace0 libpython-stdlib librevenge-0.0-0 libruby2.5 libsigc++-2.0-0v5 libvisio-0.1-1 libwmf-bin libwpd-0.10-10 libwpg-0.3-3 perlmagick python  python-bs4 python-chardet python-html5lib python-lxml python-minimal python-numpy python-pkg-resources python-scour python-six python-webencodings python2.7 python2.7-minimal python3-scour rake ruby ruby-did-you-mean ruby-minitest ruby-net-telnet ruby-power-assert ruby-test-unit ruby2.5 rubygems-integration scour
# 1.0
# gsfonts imagemagick imagemagick-6-common imagemagick-6.q16 inkscape   libcdr-0.1-1 libgdl-3-5 libgdl-3-common libgsl23 libgslcblas0  libgtkspell3-3-0 libimage-magick-perl libimage-magick-q16-perl liblqr-1-0   libmagick++-6.q16-8 libmagickcore-6.q16-6 libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra  libmagickwand-6.q16-6 libnetpbm10 libpotrace0 librevenge-0.0-0   libvisio-0.1-1 libwmf-bin libwpd-0.10-10 libwpg-0.3-3 netpbm perlmagick  python3-bs4 python3-html5lib python3-lxml python3-numpy python3-scour   python3-soupsieve python3-webencodings

  16. open-jdk

    sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk
# ca-certificates-java fonts-dejavu-extra java-common libatk-wrapper-java libatk-wrapper-java-jni libgif7 libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libx11-doc libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless x11proto-core-dev x11proto-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev

  17. sbt

    echo "deb https://dl.bintray.com/sbt/debian /" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sbt.list
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 642AC823
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sbt

  18. subtitleeditor

    sudo apt install subtitleeditor
# libgstreamermm-1.0-1 libsubtitleeditor0 libxml++2.6-2v5 subtitleeditor

  19. Netron

    网络模型可视化的工具。 Download From Github

  20. ffmpeg

    视频处理。

    sudo apt install ffmpeg
# libavdevice57 libavfilter6 libavresample3 libbs2b0 libflite1 libmysofa0 libnorm1 libopenal-data libopenal1 libpgm-5.2-0    librubberband2 libsdl2-2.0-0 libzmq5

  21. gparted

    sudo apt install gparted
# gparted libgtkmm-2.4-1v5

  22. putty

    sudo apt install putty
# putty-tools

  23. 32-bit libraries (uninstall)

    sudo apt install libxext6:i386
# gcc-8-base:i386 libbsd0:i386 libc6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libx11-6:i386 libxau6:i386 libxcb1:i386 libxdmcp6:i386 libxext6:i386
sudo apt install libxft2:i386
# libexpat1:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libpng16-16:i386 libxft2:i386 libxrender1:i386 zlib1g:i386

  24. fcitx5(Ubuntu20.04)

sudo apt install fcitx5
# fcitx5-data fcitx5-module-dbus fcitx5-module-ibus fcitx5-module-kimpanel fcitx5-module-quickphrase fcitx5-module-wayland fcitx5-module-xorg   fcitx5-modules libfcitx5config5 libfcitx5core5 libfcitx5utils1 libxcb-ewmh2 libxcb-imdkit0
sudo apt installl fcitx5-chinese-addons
# fcitx5-chinese-addons fcitx5-chinese-addons-bin   fcitx5-chinese-addons-data fcitx5-module-chttrans   fcitx5-module-cloudpinyin fcitx5-module-fullwidth   fcitx5-module-pinyinhelper fcitx5-module-punctuation fcitx5-pinyin   fcitx5-table libboost-iostreams1.71.0 libfcitx5-qt-data libfcitx5-qt1   libime-data libimecore0 libimepinyin0 libimetable0 libminizip1   libqt5quickwidgets5 libqt5webengine-data libqt5webenginecore5 libqt5webenginewidgets5 libre2-5

2. Setup

  1. Key Binding

    Behavior Key
    Switch to workspace 1/2/3/4 Alt + 1/2/3/4
    Move window to workspace 1/2/3/4 Alt + Super + 1/2/3/4
    Copy a screenshot of an area to clipboard Print
    Save a screenshot of an area to Pictures Shift+Print

  2. Fonts

    • WPS Fonts
    • Windows Fonts
    • Adobe Fonts
     mkfontsdir
 mkfontscale
 sudo fc-cache -fv

  3. fstab setup

    Reference the backup fstab file.

    Use blkid to get UUID

     #Mount Disks
 UUID=ec6847c4-0611-4cde-bc59-bd6222383d63 /home/sun/File ext4 defaults 0 0
 UUID=78878620-0fd9-42df-91da-9fa79c708fa0 /home/SoftwareI ext4 defaults 0 0
 UUID=aa3a6180-d95a-4bb1-999d-8afaaa018d1a /home/SoftwareII ext4 defaults 0 0

Reference

[1] ubuntu 14.04下配置terminal为zsh默认环境 [OL], https://blog.csdn.net/zxgdll/article/details/70858857

Update

  1. 2019.10.05: Modified the style and error in markdown

  2. 2019.10.24: Separate Errors & Solutions to another posts